Gutunganya amazi ya polymer ni iki?

Polimeri ni iki?
Abapolisini ibice bikozwe muri molekile bihujwe hamwe muminyururu. Iminyururu isanzwe ni ndende kandi irashobora gusubirwamo kugirango yongere ubunini bwimiterere ya molekile. Molekile ya buri muntu mumurongo yitwa monomers, kandi imiterere yumunyururu irashobora gukoreshwa nintoki cyangwa guhindurwa kugirango igere kumitungo yihariye.
Kurema ibintu byinshi bigamije kwerekana ibumba ni ugukoresha polymer yahinduwe. Muri iyi ngingo, ariko, tuzibanda kuri polymers mu nganda,byumwihariko gutunganya amazi ya polymer.

Nigute polymers yakoreshwa mugutunganya amazi?
Polymers ningirakamaro cyane mugutunganya amazi mabi. Muburyo bwibanze, uruhare rwiminyururu ni ugutandukanya ibice bikomeye byamazi yanduye nibigize amazi. Iyo ibice bibiri bigize amazi y’amazi bimaze gutandukana, biroroshye kurangiza inzira mugutandukanya ibinini no kuvura amazi, hasigara amazi meza kugirango bishobore gutabwa mumutekano cyangwa mubindi bikorwa byinganda.
Ni muri urwo rwego, polymer ari flocculant - ibintu bifata hamwe nibintu bikomeye byahagaritswe mumazi kugirango bibe ibice bita floc. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa byo gutunganya amazi mabi, polymers rero ikoreshwa kenshi wenyine kugirango ifashe flocculation, ishobora gukuramo byoroshye. Ariko, kugirango tubone ibisubizo byiza muriyi nzira, polymer flocculants ikoreshwa kenshi na coagulants.
Coagulants itwara inzira ya flocculation kurwego rukurikiraho, ikusanya floc hamwe kugirango ikore igicucu cyinshi gishobora kuvaho cyangwa kuvurwa neza. Polymer flocculation irashobora kubaho mbere yo kongeramo coagulants cyangwa irashobora gukoreshwa mukwihutisha inzira ya electrocoagulation. Kuberako amashanyarazi afite ibyiza nibibi, gukoresha polymer flocculants mugutezimbere inzira nigitekerezo gishimishije kubayobozi b'ibigo.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo gutunganya amazi polymers
Gutunganya amazi ya polymer birashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye bitewe na monomer ikoreshwa mugukora urunigi rwa polymer. Polimeri muri rusange iri mubyiciro bibiri bigari. Ni cationic na anionic, bivuga kwishyurwa ugereranije n'iminyururu ya molekile.

Anionic polymers mugutunganya amazi
Anionic polymers yishyuzwa nabi. Ibi bituma bibera cyane cyane guhinduranya ibinyabuzima bidafite ingufu, nkibumba, sili cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwubutaka, bivuye kumyanda. Amazi mabi ava mumishinga yubucukuzi cyangwa inganda ziremereye zirashobora kuba zikungahaye kuri ibi bintu bikomeye, bityo polymer ya anionic irashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa nkibi.

Polymer cationic mugutunganya amazi
Ukurikije amafaranga ugereranije, polymer cationic itandukanye cyane cyane na anionic polymer kuko ifite charge nziza. Amafaranga meza ya polymers cationic atuma biba byiza mugukuraho ibinyabuzima biva mumazi yanduye cyangwa imvange. Kubera ko imiyoboro itwara imyanda ikunze kuba irimo ibintu byinshi kama, polymers cationic ikoreshwa kenshi munganda zitunganya imyanda ya komine, nubwo ibigo byubuhinzi n’ibiribwa nabyo bikoresha izo polymer.

Polimeri zisanzwe zirimo:
Polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, polyamine, aside polyacrylic / sodium polyacrylate, cationic polyacrylamide, nibindi.