Gukora imiti
Inganda zikora imiti zihura n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kugenzura ibidukikije murigutunganya amazi yacyogusohora. Imyanda ihumanya itunganyirizwa peteroli n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zirimo umwanda usanzwe nkamavuta n’amavuta hamwe n’ibisigara byahagaritswe, hamwe na ammonia, chromium, fenol na sulfide.
Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi y’ibicanwa, cyane cyane ayakoresha amakara, ni isoko nyamukuru yaamazi mabi mu nganda. Byinshi muri ibyo bimera bisohora amazi yanduye arimo urugero rwinshi rwicyuma nka gurş, mercure, kadmium na chromium, hamwe na arsenic, selenium na azote (nitrate na nitrite). Ibimera bigenzura ihumana ry’ikirere, nka scrubbers itose, akenshi bihindura imyanda yafashwe mu migezi y’amazi.
Gukora ibyuma / ibyuma
Amazi akoreshwa mubyuma bikoreshwa mugukonjesha no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa. Yanduye nibicuruzwa nka ammonia na cyanide mugihe cyambere cyo guhindura. Umugezi wimyanda urimo benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fenol na cresol. Gukora ibyuma nicyuma mubisahani, insinga, cyangwa utubari bisaba amazi nkamavuta yo kwisiga hamwe na coolant, hamwe na hydraulic fluid, amavuta, hamwe na granular solide. Amazi y'ibyuma bisya bisaba hydrochloric na acide sulfurike. Amazi mabi arimo aside yoza amazi na aside. Amazi menshi y’inganda zangiza imyanda yandujwe n’amazi ya hydraulic, azwi kandi nk'amavuta ashonga.
Uruganda rutunganya ibyuma
Imyanda iva mubikorwa byo kurangiza ibyuma mubisanzwe ni ibyondo (sili) irimo ibyuma byashonga mumazi. Isahani yicyuma, kurangiza ibyuma no gucapa ibyuma byumuzunguruko (PCB) bitanga umusaruro mwinshi wa sili irimo hydroxide yicyuma nka hydroxide ferricide, hydroxide ya magnesium, nikel hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, hydroxide yumuringa na hydroxide ya aluminium. Amazi arangiza amazi agomba gutunganywa kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza yose akurikizwa kubera ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’abantu / inyamaswa z’imyanda.
Imyenda yo mu nganda
Inganda zikora imyenda yubucuruzi zikora imyenda myinshi buri mwaka, kandi iyi myenda, igitambaro, hasi MATS, nibindi, itanga amazi mabi yuzuyemo amavuta, wadding, umucanga, grit, ibyuma biremereye, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bigomba kuvurwa mbere yo gusezererwa.
Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro
Ubudozi bwa mine ni uruvange rwamazi nigitare cyiza cyajanjaguwe gisigaye mugukuraho imyunyu ngugu nka zahabu cyangwa ifeza, mugihe cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Kurandura neza ubudozi bwamabuye y'agaciro nikibazo gikomeye kubigo bicukura amabuye y'agaciro. Ubudozi ninshingano zidukikije kimwe ningorabahizi zikomeye nigiciro cyo kugabanya ibiciro byo gutwara no kujugunya. Gahunda yo kuvura neza irashobora kuvaho kubidendezi byumurizo.
Kumena amavuta na gaze
Amazi mabi ava mu bucukuzi bwa gaze ya shale afatwa nkimyanda ishobora guteza akaga kandi ni umunyu mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, amazi avanze n’imiti y’inganda mu gutera inshinge Iriba kugira ngo byoroherezwe gucukura birimo intungamubiri nyinshi za sodium, magnesium, fer, barium, strontium, manganese, methanol, chlorine, sulfate n’ibindi bintu. Mugihe cyo gucukura, ibintu bisanzwe biboneka kuri radio bigaruka hejuru hamwe namazi. Amazi yamenetse ashobora kandi kuba arimo hydrocarbone, harimo uburozi nka benzene, toluene, Ethylbenzene na xylene bushobora kurekurwa mugihe cyo gucukura.
Uruganda rutunganya amazi
Ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitunganya imyanda ni umusaruro w’imyanda irimo imyanda myinshi ishobora guhumanya. Ndetse n'amazi ya chlorine yatunganijwe arashobora kuba arimo imiti yica udukoko nka trihalomethane na aside haloacetic. Ibisigazwa bikomeye biva mu bimera bitunganya imyanda, bita biosolide, birimo ifumbire isanzwe, ariko irashobora kandi kuba irimo ibyuma biremereye hamwe n’ibinyabuzima ngengabuzima biboneka mu bicuruzwa byo mu rugo.
Gutunganya ibiryo
Ihuriro ry’imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko, imyanda y’ifumbire n’ifumbire mu biribwa n’amazi y’ubuhinzi byose bigomba gucungwa. Muburyo bwo gutunganya ibiryo biva mubikoresho fatizo, umubiri wamazi wuzuyemo umutwaro mwinshi wibintu byangiza kandi bigashonga ibintu bitemba cyangwa imiti. Imyanda kama ituruka kubagwa inyamaswa no kuyitunganya, amazi yumubiri, ibintu byo munda namaraso byose ni isoko yanduza amazi agomba kuvurwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-15-2023