Ibipimo bya tekiniki byaPolyacrylalideMuri rusange uburemere bwa molekile, impamyabumenyi ya hydrolysis, impamyabumenyi ya ionic, vino, ibirimo bisigaye, bityo rero umucamanza ubuziranenge bwa Pam ashobora kandi gucirwa urubanza!
01Uburemere bwa molekile
Uburemere bwa Molekulalar ya Pam ni hejuru cyane kandi byateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize.Pam, wakoreshwaga mu myaka ya za 70, yari ifite uburemere bwa miriyoni. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, uburemere bwa molefular bwa pam ikora neza yari hafi miliyoni 15, abandi bagera kuri miliyoni 20. "Buri kimwe muri momqueles gifite ubunini buturutse ku bihumbi birenga ijana cyangwa sodimide molekile (acrylamide ifite uburemere bwa molekile 71, na Pam hamwe n'ibihumbi ijana bifite uburemere ibihumbi 7.1)."
Muri rusange, pam hamwe nuburemere bwiburebure bufite imikorere myiza ya flocching, hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile bwa 71 kuri acrylamide na miliyoni 7.1 kuri pam irimo monomer 100.000. Uburemere bwa molekili bwa polyacrylamide hamwe nibihumbi byibihumbi bigera kuri miliyoni 10, hashobora kugabana uburemere bwa molekile (munsi ya miliyoni 1), uburemere bwa miliyoni 10 kugeza kuri miliyoni 15).
Uburemere bwa molekile ya macromolecular nikibazo, ndetse no mubicuruzwa bimwe ntabwo ari kimwe, uburemere bwa molekile ni impuzandengo.
02Urwego rwa hydrolysis nurwego rwa ion
Urwego rwa Gionic rwa PAM rufite ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zayo, ariko agaciro kayo gakwiye gaterwa nubwoko na kamere yibikoresho bivuwe, hazabaho indangagaciro zitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye. Niba imbaraga za ioonic yibikoresho biri hejuru (zirimo ibintu byinshi), urwego rwa gionic rwa pimi rugomba kuba hejuru, rugomba kuba munsi. Muri rusange, urwego rwa anion rwitwa urwego rwa hydrolysis. Impamyabumenyi ya Ionic muri rusange bivuga kuri cations.
Ionicity = n / (m + n) * 100%
Pam yakozwe mubyiciro hakiri kare yari afite ubumwe bwa mugenzi wawe wa polyacrylalide, itarimo itsinda rya -coona. Mbere yo gukoresha, Naoh agomba kongerwaho no gushyushya hydrolyze igice cya -conh2 kuri -Coona. Ikigereranyo ni ku buryo bukurikira:
-CO2 + naoh → -Coona + nh3 ↑
Gazi ya Ammonia yarekuwe mugihe cya hydrolysis. Umubare w'itsinda rya Hide Hydrolysis muri Pam ryitwa urwego rwa hydrolysis ya pam, ni urwego rwa aion. Imikoreshereze yubu bwoko ntabwo yoroshye, kandi imikorere ni umukene (gushyushya hydrolysis bizatuma uburemere bwa molekisi kandi bukoreshwa na pam bwagabanutse cyane), byakoreshejwe gake byimazeyo kuva mu myaka ya za 1980.
Umusaruro ugezweho wa Pam ufite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye bya anion, umukoresha arashobora ukurikije ibikenewe kandi binyuze mubizamini nyabyo kugirango uhitemo ibintu bikwiye, ntukagire Hydrolysis, nyuma yo guseswa.Ariko, kubera impamvu, abantu bamwe baracyigeze bavuga uburyo bwo kuvuka bwabasenyuka nka hydrolysis. Twabibutsa ko ibisobanuro bya hydrolysis aribwo kubora amazi, nikintu cyimiti. Hydrolysis ya Pam yarekuwe Gazi ya Amoni yarekuwe; Dissolution ni igikorwa cyumubiri gusa, nta reaction yimiti. Byombi biratandukanye cyane kandi ntibigomba kwitiranywa.
03Ibirimo bisigaye
Ibisigisigi bisigaye bya pino bivuga ibikubiye muriMonomer ya acryamuMuri Acryélaridide acryémadide muri polyacrylalide mugikorwa cyo kwitwara bituzuye kandi amaherezo bisigaye mubicuruzwa bya Acrylamide. Nibisabwa byingenzi kugirango bipime niba bibereye inganda zibiribwa. Polyacrylalide ntabwo ari uburozi, ariko acylamide ifite uburozi. Mu nganda polyacrylalide, biragoye kwirinda ibimenyetso bisigaye bya acrylalymemer acrylamide. Kubwibyo, ibikubiye muri monomer isigaye muriIbicuruzwaigomba kugenzurwa neza. Ingano ya monomer isigaye muri Pam ikoreshwa mumazi yo kunywa ninganda zibiri ntabwo yemerewe kurenga 0.05% mpuzamahanga. Agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bizwi byamahanga biri munsi ya 0.03%.
04vicosity
Igisubizo cya Pam ni viscous. Hejuru yuburemere bwa moleki ya pam, niko virusire yibisubizo. Ni ukubera ko pam macromolecules ni iminyururu ndende, yoroheje ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo gukomeza igisubizo. Intangiriro yubuyobe ni ukugaragaza ingano yimbaraga zidahwitse mubisubizo, uzwi kandi nka coentrotion yimbere. Ibyatsi byigisubizo cyubwoko bwose bwibinyabuzima bwa polymer ni hejuru kandi byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera k'uburemere bwa molecular. Uburyo bwo kumenya uburemere bwa molecler yibinyabuzima, ni ukumenya vicosity yibintu bimwe byibanda kubisabwa, hanyuma ukurikije formulaire runaka yo kubara ibiro byayo, bizwi nka "viscose uburemere bwa molekile".
Igihe cyohereza: Jan-12-2023