Ibisobanuro bya tekinike ya PAM

Ibipimo bya tekinike yapolyacrylamidemuri rusange uburemere bwa molekile, impamyabumenyi ya hydrolysis, impamyabumenyi ya ionic, viscosity, monomer isigaye, bityo rero suzuma ubuziranenge bwa PAM nabwo bushobora gucirwa urubanza uhereye kuri ibi bipimo!

01Uburemere bwa molekile

Uburemere bwa molekuline ya PAM ni ndende cyane kandi bwateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize.PAM, yakoreshejwe mu myaka ya za 70, yari ifite uburemere bwa miriyoni. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, uburemere bwa molekile ya PAM ikora neza bwarenze miliyoni 15, ndetse bamwe bagera kuri miliyoni 20. “Buri molekile ya PAM iba ifite polymerize kuva kuri molekile zirenga ibihumbi ijana ya acrylamide cyangwa sodium acrylate (acrylamide ifite uburemere bwa molekile 71, naho PAM ifite monomers ibihumbi ijana ifite uburemere bwa miriyoni 7.1).”

Muri rusange, PAM ifite uburemere buke bwa molekuline ifite imikorere myiza ya flocching, ifite uburemere bwa molekile ya 71 kuri acrylamide na miliyoni 7.1 kuri PAM irimo monomeri 100.000. Uburemere bwa molekuline ya polyacrylamide n'ibiyikomokaho kuva ku bihumbi magana kugeza kuri miliyoni zirenga 10, ukurikije uburemere bwa molekile bushobora kugabanywa mu buremere buke (munsi ya miliyoni 1), uburemere bwa molekile hagati (miliyoni 1 kugeza kuri miliyoni 10), uburemere buke bwa molekile (Miliyoni 10 kugeza kuri miliyoni 15), uburemere bwa super molekile (zirenga miliyoni 15).

Uburemere bwa molekuline bwibintu bya macromolecular, ndetse no mubicuruzwa bimwe ntabwo bihuye rwose, uburemere bwa molekuline ni impuzandengo yacyo.

02Impamyabumenyi ya hydrolysis n'urwego rwa ion

Urwego rwa ionic rwa PAM rufite ingaruka zikomeye kumikoreshereze yabwo, ariko agaciro kabyo katerwa nubwoko na miterere yibikoresho byavuwe, hazabaho indangagaciro nziza zitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye. Niba imbaraga za ionic yibikoresho bivurwa ari byinshi (birimo ibintu byinshi bidakoreshwa), urwego rwa ionic rwa PAM rugomba kuba rwinshi, kurundi ruhande, rugomba kuba ruto. Muri rusange, urwego rwa anion rwitwa urwego rwa hydrolysis. Impamyabumenyi ya ionic muri rusange yerekeza kuri cations.

Ionicity = n / (m + n) * 100%

PAM yakozwe mubyiciro byambere yakoreshwaga muri monomer ya polyacrylamide, itari irimo itsinda -COONa. Mbere yo gukoresha, NaOH igomba kongerwamo no gushyushya hydrolyze igice cyitsinda -CONH2 kuri -COONa. Ingano niyi ikurikira:

-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONa + NH3 ↑

Gazi ya Amoniya irekurwa mugihe cya hydrolysis. Umubare wa hydrolysis ya amide muri PAM witwa urwego rwa hydrolysis ya PAM, ni urwego rwa anion. Gukoresha ubu bwoko bwa PAM ntabwo byoroshye, kandi imikorere ni mibi (gushyushya hydrolysis bizatuma uburemere bwa molekile n'imikorere ya PAM bigabanuka cyane), ntibyakoreshejwe gake kuva 1980.

Umusaruro ugezweho wa PAM ufite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byimpamyabumenyi ya anion, uyikoresha arashobora ukurikije ibikenewe kandi binyuze mubizamini nyirizina kugirango ahitemo ubwoko bukwiye, ntakeneye hydrolysis, nyuma yo gusesa bishobora gukoreshwa.Nyamara, kubwimpamvu zumuco, abantu bamwe baracyavuga inzira yo gusesa flokculants nka hydrolysis. Twabibutsa ko ibisobanuro bya hydrolysis ari ukubora kwamazi, nigisubizo cyimiti. Hydrolysis ya PAM yarekuye gaze ya amoniya; Gusenyuka nigikorwa cyumubiri gusa, nta reaction yimiti. Byombi biratandukanye rwose kandi ntibigomba kwitiranywa.

03Ibisigaye bya monomer

Ibisigisigi bya monomer bisigaye muri PAM bivuga ibikubiye muriacrylamide monomermuri polymerisation ya acrylamide muri polyacrylamide murwego rwo kwitwara kutuzuye kandi amaherezo asigara mubicuruzwa bya acrylamide. Nibintu byingenzi bipima niba bikwiranye ninganda zibiribwa. Polyacrylamide ntabwo ari uburozi, ariko acrylamide ifite uburozi. Mu nganda polyacrylamide, biragoye kwirinda ibisigisigi bya acrylamide monomer idafite polimerize. Kubwibyo, ibikubiye muri monomer isigaye muriIbicuruzwa bya PAMbigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Ingano ya monomer isigaye muri PAM ikoreshwa mumazi yo kunywa ninganda zibiribwa ntabwo yemerewe kurenga 0,05% mumahanga. Agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bizwi by'amahanga biri munsi ya 0.03%.

04ububobere

Igisubizo cya PAM kiragaragara cyane. Uburemere buremereye bwa PAM, niko ubwinshi bwibisubizo byumuti. Ni ukubera ko PAM macromolecules ari ndende, iminyururu yoroheje ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nigisubizo. Intangiriro yubukonje ni ukugaragaza ubunini bwimbaraga zo guterana mugisubizo, bizwi kandi nka coefficient yimbere. Ubukonje bwibisubizo byubwoko bwose bwa polymer organic nibintu byinshi kandi byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwibiro bya molekile. Uburyo bwo kumenya uburemere bwa molekuline yibintu bya polymer, ni ukumenya ubwiza bwikibazo runaka cyibisubizo mugihe runaka, hanyuma ukurikije formula imwe yo kubara uburemere bwa molekile, izwi nka "uburemere bwa viscose buringaniye".