Ibiranga no gutunganya inganda zubuhinzi n’ibiribwa

Amazi mabi ava mubuhinzi no gutunganya ibiribwaifite ibintu byingenzi bitandukanya n’amazi asanzwe y’amakomine acungwa n’inganda za leta cyangwa izigenga zitunganya amazi y’amazi ku isi: ni ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika kandi ntabwo ari uburozi, ariko bifite ogisijeni ikomoka ku binyabuzima (BOD) hamwe n’ibintu byahagaritswe (SS). Ibigize ibiryo n’amazi y’ubuhinzi akenshi biragoye kubiteganya bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’urwego rwa BOD na pH mu mazi y’amazi ava mu mboga, imbuto n’inyama, ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibiribwa n'ibihe.

Bisaba amazi menshi yo gutunganya ibiryo biva mubikoresho fatizo. Gukaraba imboga bitanga amazi arimo ibintu byinshi byingirakamaro hamwe nibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe byashonze. Irashobora kandi kuba irimo imiti yica udukoko.
Ibikoresho byo mu mazi (ubworozi bw'amafi) akenshi bisohora azote na fosifore nyinshi, hamwe n'ibikoresho byahagaritswe. Ibikoresho bimwe bikoresha ibiyobyabwenge nudukoko dushobora kuba mumazi mabi.

Ibihingwa bitunganya amata bitanga umwanda usanzwe (BOD, SS).
Kwica amatungo no kuyatunganya bitanga imyanda kama mumazi yumubiri, nkamaraso nibirimo amara. Umwanda wanduye urimo BOD, SS, coliform, amavuta, azote kama, na ammonia.

Ibiryo bitunganijwe bigurishwa bitera imyanda yo guteka, ikunze kuba ikungahaye ku bimera-kama kandi ishobora no kuba irimo umunyu, uburyohe, ibikoresho byamabara hamwe na acide cyangwa shingiro. Harashobora kandi kuba ibinure byinshi, amavuta hamwe namavuta ("FOG") kuburyo mubitekerezo bihagije bishobora guhagarika imiyoboro. Imijyi imwe n'imwe isaba resitora hamwe nabatunganya ibiryo gukoresha amavuta yo guhagarika amavuta no kugenzura imikorere ya FOG muri sisitemu yimyanda.

Ibikorwa byo gutunganya ibiryo nko gusukura ibihingwa, gutunganya ibikoresho, gucupa no gusukura ibicuruzwa bitanga amazi mabi. Ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya ibiryo bisaba kuvurwa aho mbere y’amazi y’amazi ashobora gukoreshwa ku butaka cyangwa akajugunywa mu nzira y’amazi cyangwa muri sisitemu. Urwego rukomeye rwahagaritswe urwego rwibinyabuzima rushobora kongera BOD kandi bishobora kuvamo umwanda mwinshi. Kwikuramo, kwerekana imiterere ya wedge, cyangwa kuzunguza umurongo (microsieving) bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugabanya umutwaro wibintu byahagaritswe mbere yo gusohora. Cationic ikora neza cyane itandukanya amavuta-yamazi nayo ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibiryo byamavuta yamavuta (gutandukanya amavuta-yamazi meza yo kubamo imiti ya anionic cyangwa uduce twinshi twangiza imyanda cyangwa amazi mabi, yaba akoreshwa wenyine cyangwa hamwe nogukoresha imiti mvaruganda, irashobora kugera ku buryo bwihuse, bwiza bwo gutandukanya cyangwa kweza intego zamazi.